A Welfare Analysis of Tax Structures with Love-of-Variety Preferences /
Kroft, Kory.
A Welfare Analysis of Tax Structures with Love-of-Variety Preferences / Kory Kroft, Jean-William P. Laliberté, René Leal Vizcaíno, Matthew J. Notowidigdo. - Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research 2021. - 1 online resource: illustrations (black and white); - NBER working paper series no. w28838 . - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) no. w28838. .
May 2021.
This paper reassesses the general trade-off between ad valorem and specific taxation using an economic model that features love-of-variety preferences and encompasses a wide range of market conduct - including both quantity and price competition - while allowing for firm entry and exit. We derive formulas for efficiency and incidence of both types of taxes that depend on the responsiveness of product variety to taxes and the effect of a change in product variety on consumer surplus. We use our formulas to derive a desirability condition for when ad valorem taxes are more efficient than specific taxes and a condition for when ad valorem taxes lead to greater pass-through than specific taxes. We identify and estimate the model parameters using a quasi-experimental ``county border pair'' research design that uses state-level and county-level variation in sales taxes combined with detailed scanner data covering grocery stores in the U.S. Our empirical results indicate that sales taxes are slightly overshifted onto consumer prices, have a large effect on quantity demanded, and have a more modest effect on the variety of products available to consumers. Using the estimated parameters, we recover consumers' love-of-variety, infer whether or not product variety is socially optimal (at current tax rates), and implement our desirability condition. We find that specific taxes are more efficient at the margin than ad valorem taxes given the estimated love-of-variety. This suggests that policymakers should consider using specific taxes and tariffs in markets with substantial product differentiation.
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Mode of access: World Wide Web.
A Welfare Analysis of Tax Structures with Love-of-Variety Preferences / Kory Kroft, Jean-William P. Laliberté, René Leal Vizcaíno, Matthew J. Notowidigdo. - Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research 2021. - 1 online resource: illustrations (black and white); - NBER working paper series no. w28838 . - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) no. w28838. .
May 2021.
This paper reassesses the general trade-off between ad valorem and specific taxation using an economic model that features love-of-variety preferences and encompasses a wide range of market conduct - including both quantity and price competition - while allowing for firm entry and exit. We derive formulas for efficiency and incidence of both types of taxes that depend on the responsiveness of product variety to taxes and the effect of a change in product variety on consumer surplus. We use our formulas to derive a desirability condition for when ad valorem taxes are more efficient than specific taxes and a condition for when ad valorem taxes lead to greater pass-through than specific taxes. We identify and estimate the model parameters using a quasi-experimental ``county border pair'' research design that uses state-level and county-level variation in sales taxes combined with detailed scanner data covering grocery stores in the U.S. Our empirical results indicate that sales taxes are slightly overshifted onto consumer prices, have a large effect on quantity demanded, and have a more modest effect on the variety of products available to consumers. Using the estimated parameters, we recover consumers' love-of-variety, infer whether or not product variety is socially optimal (at current tax rates), and implement our desirability condition. We find that specific taxes are more efficient at the margin than ad valorem taxes given the estimated love-of-variety. This suggests that policymakers should consider using specific taxes and tariffs in markets with substantial product differentiation.
System requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.