Introduction -- Part I. The Ontological Background -- Ontologies in Computer Science: a brief overview -- From the Ontological Turn to the Ontology of Geography -- Common Sense Conceptualizations and Systems of Objects -- Part II. Geographical Entities, Boundaries and Spatial Representation -- Experiments and Results -- From a Speculative Perspective: Geographic Entities and Boundaries -- On Drawing (Different) Lines on a Map -- On the Ontological Status of Geographical Boundaries -- Spatial Representation and Ontological Tools -- Part III. From a Geographical Perspective: Spatial Turn, Taxonomies and Geo-Ontologies -- From the Spatial Turn to the Diffusion of Geo-ontologies -- The Problems of Existing Taxonomies -- A Geo-ontological Tri-Partition -- PART IV. Geo-ontologies, Digital Humanities and Ancient World -- Towards a Geo-ontology for the Ancient World -- Geography in Greek and Roman Culture -- Conclusion.

This book is intended as a philosophical introduction to geo-ontologies, in response to their increasing diffusion within the contemporary debate, where philosophy plays a fundamental, though still unexplored, role. Accordingly, the first part offers a short overview of the ontological background of geo-ontologies, which comprehends computer science, philosophy and geography. The second part is devoted to describe the ontology of geography, to define notions such as geographical entities and boundaries, and to trace some philosophical tools useful for spatial representation. The third part investigates the emerging of geo-ontologies from the spatial turn and is concerned  with a taxonomy for geo-ontologies grounded on some fundamental geographical distinctions. Finally, the last part presents the emergence of Digital Humanities and the consequent proliferation of  geographical projects focused on the ancient world, in particular Greek and Roman.