TY  - BOOK
AU  - Aryal,Gaurab
AU  - Bhuller,Manudeep
AU  - Lange,Fabian
ED  - National Bureau of Economic Research.
TI  - Signaling and Employer Learning with Instruments
T2  - NBER working paper series
PY  - 2019///
CY  - Cambridge, Mass.
PB  - National Bureau of Economic Research
N1  - May 2019; Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
N2  - This paper considers the use of instruments to identify and estimate private and social returns to education within a model of employer learning. What an instrument identifies depends on whether it is hidden from, or transparent (i.e., observed) to, the employers. A hidden instrument identifies private returns to education, and a transparent instrument identifies social returns to education. We use variation in compulsory schooling laws across non-central and central municipalities in Norway to construct hidden and transparent instruments. We estimate a private return of 7.9%, of which 70% is due to increased productivity and the remaining 30% is due to signaling
UR  - https://www.nber.org/papers/w25885
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25885
ER  -