TY  - BOOK
AU  - Gutiérrez,Germán
AU  - Philippon,Thomas
ED  - National Bureau of Economic Research.
TI  - How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift 
T2  - NBER working paper series
PY  - 2018///
CY  - Cambridge, Mass.
PB  - National Bureau of Economic Research
N1  - June 2018; Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
N2  - Over the past twenty years, Europe has deregulated many industries, protected consumer welfare, and created strongly independent regulators. These policies represent a stark departure from historical traditions in continental Europe. How and why did this turnaround happen? We build a political economy model of market regulation and we compare the design of national and supra-national regulators. We show that countries in a single market willingly promote a supranational regulator that enforces free markets beyond the preferences of any individual country. We test and confirm the predictions of the model. European institutions are indeed more independent and enforce competition more strongly than any individual country ever did. Countries with ex-ante weaker institutions benefit more from the delegation of competition policy to the EU level
UR  - https://www.nber.org/papers/w24700
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24700
ER  -