Alesina, Alberto F. <br/><br/>
Ethnic Inequality / 
Alberto F. Alesina, Stelios Michalopoulos, Elias Papaioannou. 
 - Cambridge, Mass.  National Bureau of Economic Research  2012. 
 - 1 online resource:  illustrations (black and white); 
 - NBER working paper series  no. w18512 .
 - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)  no. w18512. .
<br/><br/> November 2012. 
<br/><br/> This study explores the consequences and origins of between-ethnicity economic inequality both across and within countries. First, combining satellite images of nighttime luminosity with the historical homelands of ethnolinguistic groups we construct measures of ethnic inequality for a large sample of countries and show that the latter is strongly inversely related to comparative development. Second, differences in geographic endowments across ethnic homelands explain a sizable portion of ethnic inequality contributing to its persistence over time. Third, exploiting across-district within-African countries variation using individual-level data on ethnic identification and well-being from the Afrobarometer Surveys we find that between ethnic-group inequality is systematically linked to regional under-development. In this sample we also explore the channels linking ethnic inequality to (under) development, finding that ethnic inequality maps to political inequality, heightened perceptions of discrimination and undersupply of public goods. 
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