Freeman, Richard B. <br/><br/>
Variation in Educational Outcomes and Policies across Countries and of Schools within Countries / 
Richard B. Freeman, Stephen Machin, Martina Viarengo. 
 - Cambridge, Mass.  National Bureau of Economic Research  2010. 
 - 1 online resource:  illustrations (black and white); 
 - NBER working paper series  no. w16293 .
 - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)  no. w16293. .
<br/><br/> August 2010. 
<br/><br/> This study examines the variation in educational outcomes across and within countries using the TIMSS mathematics tests. It documents the wide cross-country variation in the level and dispersion of test scores. Countries with the highest test scores are those with the least inequality in scores, which suggests a "virtuous" equity-efficiency trade-off in improving educational outcomes. Analyzing the association of gender, immigrant status, and family background factors with scores, we find large cross-country differences in the relation between those factors and scores. 
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