Morck, Randall. <br/><br/>
Business Groups and the Big Push:  Meiji Japan's Mass Privatization and Subsequent Growth  / 
Randall Morck, Masao Nakamura. 
 - Cambridge, Mass.  National Bureau of Economic Research  2007. 
 - 1 online resource:  illustrations (black and white); 
 - NBER working paper series  no. w13171 .
 - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)  no. w13171. .
<br/><br/> June 2007. 
<br/><br/> Rosenstein-Rodan (1943) and others posit that rapid development requires a 'big push' -- the coordinated rapid growth of diverse complementary industries, and suggests a role for government in providing such coordination. We argue that Japan's zaibatsu, or pyramidal business groups, provided this coordination after the Meiji government failed at the task. We propose that pyramidal business groups are private sector mechanisms for coordinating and financing 'big push' growth, and that unique historical circumstances aided their success in prewar Japan. Specifically, Japan uniquely marginalized its feudal elite; withdrew its hand with a propitious mass privatization that rallied the private sector; marginalized an otherwise entrenched first generation of wealthy industrialists; and remained open to foreign trade and capital. 
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