Cohen, Daniel. <br/><br/>
Dealing with Destabilizing 'Market Discipline' / 
Daniel Cohen, Richard Portes. 
 - Cambridge, Mass.  National Bureau of Economic Research  2004. 
 - 1 online resource:  illustrations (black and white); 
 - NBER working paper series  no. w10533 .
 - Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)  no. w10533. .
<br/><br/> May 2004. 
<br/><br/> If interest rates (country spreads) rise, debt can rapidly be subject to a snowball effect, which then becomes self-fulfilling with regard to the fundamentals themselves. This is a market imperfection, because we cannot be confident that the unaided market will choose the  good equilibrium' over the  bad equilibrium'. We see here a fundamental flaw in the process of market discipline. We propose a policy intervention to deal with this structural weakness in the mechanisms of international capital flows. This is based on a simple taxonomy that enables us to break down the origin of crises into three components: a crisis of confidence (spreads and currency crisis), a crisis of fundamentals (real growth rate), and a crisis of economic policy (primary deficit). The policy would seek to short-circuit confidence crises, partly by using IMF support to improve ex ante incentives. 
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