TY  - BOOK
AU  - Betts,Julian R.
AU  - Grogger,Jeff
ED  - National Bureau of Economic Research.
TI  - The Impact of Grading Standards on Student Achievement, Educational Attainment, and Entry-Level Earnings
T2  - NBER working paper series
PY  - 2000///
CY  - Cambridge, Mass.
PB  - National Bureau of Economic Research
N1  - September 2000; Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
N2  - Despite recent theoretical work and proposals from educational reformers, there is little empirical work on the effects of higher grading standards. In this paper we use data from the High School and Beyond survey to estimate the effects of grading standards on student achievement, educational attainment, and entry level earnings. We consider not only how grading standards affect average outcomes but also how they affect the distribution of educational gains by skill level and race/ethnicity. We find that higher standards raise test scores throughout the distribution of achievement, but that the increase is greatest toward the top of the test score distribution. Higher standards have no positive effect on educational attainment, however, and indeed have negative effects on high school graduation among blacks and Hispanics. We suggest a relative performance hypothesis to explain how higher standards may reduce educational attainment even as they increase educational achievement
UR  - https://www.nber.org/papers/w7875
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7875
ER  -