Margo, Robert A. <br/><br/>
The Labor Force in the Nineteenth Century / 
Robert A. Margo. 
 - Cambridge, Mass.  National Bureau of Economic Research  1992. 
 - 1 online resource:  illustrations (black and white); 
 - NBER historical working paper series  no. h0040 .
 - Historical Working Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)  no. h0040. .
<br/><br/> September 1992. 
<br/><br/> This paper surveys recent research on the labor force in the nineteenth century. I examine trends in the aggregate size, demographic, occupational and industrial composition of the labor force; short-run and long-run movements in nominal and real wages; hours of work; the development of the factory system; the growth of unions; and government regulation of labor markets, specifically protectionist legislation. Although my survey is deliberately broad in scope, there is an underlying emphasis on those aspects of change that had a direct bearing on the evolution of the labor force in the twentieth century. In keeping with this theme, the paper concludes with a brief comparison of labor markets at the turn of the century with labor markets today. 
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