000			03065cam a22003617 4500
001			w24441
003			NBER
005			20211020104608.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			210910s2018 mau fo 000 0 eng d
100	1		_aChetty, Raj. _97917
245	1	0	_aRace and Economic Opportunity in the United States: _bAn Intergenerational Perspective / _cRaj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Maggie R. Jones, Sonya R. Porter.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2018.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w24441
500			_aMarch 2018.
520	3		_aWe study the sources of racial disparities in income using anonymized longitudinal data covering nearly the entire U.S. population from 1989-2015. We document three results. First, black Americans and American Indians have much lower rates of upward mobility and higher rates of downward mobility than whites, leading to persistent disparities across generations. Conditional on parent income, the black-white income gap is driven by differences in wages and employment rates between black and white men; there are no such differences between black and white women. Hispanic Americans have rates of intergenerational mobility more similar to whites than blacks, leading the Hispanic-white income gap to shrink across generations. Second, differences in parental marital status, education, and wealth explain little of the black-white income gap conditional on parent income. Third, the black-white gap persists even among boys who grow up in the same neighborhood. Controlling for parental income, black boys have lower incomes in adulthood than white boys in 99% of Census tracts. The few areas with small black-white gaps tend to be low-poverty neighborhoods with low levels of racial bias among whites and high rates of father presence among blacks. Black males who move to such neighborhoods earlier in childhood have significantly better outcomes. However, fewer than 5% of black children grow up in such areas. Our findings suggest that reducing the black-white income gap will require efforts whose impacts cross neighborhood and class lines and increase upward mobility specifically for black men.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aH0 - General _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aJ0 - General _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
700	1		_aHendren, Nathaniel.
700	1		_aJones, Maggie R.
700	1		_aPorter, Sonya R.
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w24441.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w24441
856			_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24441
942			_2ddc _cW-PAPER
999			_c323681 _d282243