000			02556cam a22003497 4500
001			w20463
003			NBER
005			20211020105831.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			210910s2014 mau fo 000 0 eng d
100	1		_aMoya, Andrés.
245	1	0	_aViolence and the Formation of Hopelessness and Pessimistic Prospects of Upward Mobility in Colombia / _cAndrés Moya, Michael Carter.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2014.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w20463
500			_aSeptember 2014.
520	3		_aWe explore the impact of violence on perceived prospects of upward mobility. For a sample of victims of violence in Colombia, we bring together data on expected upward mobility, exposure to violence, and symptoms of psychological trauma. After controlling for material losses and current circumstances, we find that exposure to more severe violence leads victims' perceived prospects of upward mobility to become increasingly hopeless. The estimated impacts are large: victims exposed to more severe violence expect that the likelihood of being in extreme poverty in the long-run is more than two times as high than those exposed to less severe violence. Additional evidence indicates that depression and psychological trauma mediate this result, identifying a channel by which these pessimistic expectations can become self-confirming. Together, these findings suggest the existence of a psychological poverty trap and the need to rethink strategies to assist the economic recovery of the victims of violence.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aD03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aD84 - Expectations • Speculations _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aO12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
700	1		_aCarter, Michael.
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w20463.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w20463
856			_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20463
942			_2ddc _cW-PAPER
999			_c327662 _d286224