| 000 | 02399cam a22003257 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | w20205 | ||
| 003 | NBER | ||
| 005 | 20211020105917.0 | ||
| 006 | m o d | ||
| 007 | cr cnu|||||||| | ||
| 008 | 210910s2014 mau fo 000 0 eng d | ||
| 100 | 1 | _aPorta, Rafael La. | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aInformality and Development / _cRafael La Porta, Andrei Shleifer. |
| 260 |
_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2014. |
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_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white); |
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| 490 | 1 |
_aNBER working paper series _vno. w20205 |
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| 500 | _aJune 2014. | ||
| 520 | 3 | _aWe establish five facts about the informal economy in developing countries. First, it is huge, reaching about half of the total in the poorest countries. Second, it has extremely low productivity compared to the formal economy: informal firms are typically small, inefficient, and run by poorly educated entrepreneurs. Third, although avoidance of taxes and regulations is an important reason for informality, the productivity of informal firms is too low for them to thrive in the formal sector. Lowering registration costs neither brings many informal firms into the formal sector, nor unleashes economic growth. Fourth, the informal economy is largely disconnected from the formal economy. Informal firms rarely transition to formality, and continue their existence, often for years or even decades, without much growth or improvement. Fifth, as countries grow and develop, the informal economy eventually shrinks, and the formal economy comes to dominate economic life. These five facts are most consistent with dual models of informality and economic development. | |
| 530 | _aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers | ||
| 538 | _aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files. | ||
| 538 | _aMode of access: World Wide Web. | ||
| 588 | 0 | _aPrint version record | |
| 690 | 7 |
_aO17 - Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements _2Journal of Economic Literature class. |
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| 700 | 1 |
_aShleifer, Andrei. _920697 |
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| 710 | 2 | _aNational Bureau of Economic Research. | |
| 830 | 0 |
_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w20205. |
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| 856 | 4 | 0 | _uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w20205 |
| 856 |
_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20205 |
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_2ddc _cW-PAPER |
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_c327919 _d286481 |
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