000			03231cam a22003377 4500
001			w13343
003			NBER
005			20211020112000.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			210910s2007 mau fo 000 0 eng d
100	1		_aAnanat, Elizabeth Oltmans. _932915
245	1	4	_aThe Wrong Side(s) of the Tracks Estimating the Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on City Outcomes / _cElizabeth Oltmans Ananat.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2007.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w13343
500			_aAugust 2007.
520	3		_aAt the metropolitan level there is a striking negative correlation between residential racial segregation and population characteristics -- particularly for black residents -- but it is widely recognized that this correlation may not be causal. This paper provides a novel test of the causal relationship between segregation and population outcomes by exploiting the arrangements of railroad tracks in the 19th century to isolate plausibly exogenous variation in cities' susceptibility to segregation. I show that, conditional on miles of railroad track laid, the extent to which track configurations physically subdivided cities strongly predicts the level of segregation that ensued after the Great Migration of African-Americans to northern and western cities in the 20th century. At the start of the Great Migration, though, track configurations were uncorrelated with racial concentration, ethnic dispersion, income, industry, education, and population, indicating that reverse causality is unlikely. Instrumental variables estimates demonstrate that segregation leads to lower incomes and lower education among blacks. For whites, there is a mix of positive and negative effects: segregation decreases the probability of being a college graduate or a high earner, but also decreases the probability of being poor or unemployed. Segregation could generate these effects either by affecting human capital acquisition of residents of different races and socio-economic groups ('production') or by inducing sorting by race and SES into different cities ('selection'). This paper provides evidence that is most consistent with a combination of both production and selection.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aI0 - General _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aJ15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants • Non-labor Discrimination _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aJ61 - Geographic Labor Mobility • Immigrant Workers _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w13343.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w13343
856			_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13343
942			_2ddc _cW-PAPER
999			_c334785 _d293347