000			02840cam a22003257 4500
001			w8000
003			NBER
005			20211020113449.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			210910s2000 mau fo 000 0 eng d
100	1		_aCosta, Dora L. _98495
245	1	0	_aUnderstanding Mid-Life and Older Age Mortality Declines: _bEvidence from Union Army Veterans / _cDora L. Costa.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2000.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w8000
500			_aNovember 2000.
520	3		_aDuring the twentieth century the 17 year survival rate of 50-64 year old men rose by 24 percentage points. I examine waiting time until death from all natural causes and from all chronic, all acute, respiratory, stomach, infectious, all heart, ischemic, and myocarditis disease among Union Army veterans first observed in 1900. The effect of such specific early life infections as stomach ailments, rheumatic fever, syphilis, measles, respiratory infections, malaria, diarrhea, and tuberculosis on older age mortality depended upon the cause of death that was being investigated but all of these infections reduced cause-specific longevity. Men who grew up in a large city faced an elevated mortality risk from all causes of death controlling for later residence. The immediate effect of reduced infectious disease rates and reduced mortality from acute disease accounts for 62 percent of the twentieth century increase in survival rates and the long-run effect of reduced early life infectious disease rates accounts for 12 percent of the increase. The findings imply that although the current effects of improved public health and medical care are larger than the cohort effects, cost-benefit analyses and forecasts of future mortality still need to account for long-run effects; that mortality in populations in which infectious, respiratory, and parasitic deaths are common is best described by a competing risks model; and, that the urbanization that accompanied early industrialization was extremely costly.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aJ1 - Demographic Economics _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aI1 - Health _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w8000.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w8000
856			_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8000
942			_2ddc _cW-PAPER
999			_c340208 _d298770