000			03019cam a22003377 4500
001			w7696
003			NBER
005			20211020113544.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			210910s2000 mau fo 000 0 eng d
100	1		_aGhosh, Madanmohan. _911335
245	1	0	_aState-Owned Enterprises, Shirking and Trade Liberalization / _cMadanmohan Ghosh, John Whalley.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2000.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w7696
500			_aMay 2000.
520	3		_aWe explore the implications of trade liberalization in economies with State Owned enterprises (SOEs) and shirking. SOEs are modelled as controlled by the members of the enterprise who determine output and effort levels, while facing output prices and wage rates set by government. Enterprise members must collectively meet a budget constraint that the value of sales equals the enterprise wage bill plus an exogenous enterprise commitment to the state budget. Labour can shirk either through low on the job effort (leisure), or through moonlighting to second jobs in the private sector. Three alternative formulations of equilibria in SOE economies are explored, and in these trade liberalization can produce effects opposite from conventional competitive models. In particular, the output of import competing SOEs increases rather than falls, and negative effects on imports can also occur. These models when calibrated to 1995 data for Vietnam also suggest quantitatively much larger impacts from trade liberalization than is the case for comparable conventional competitive models. This is because departures from Pareto optimality in SOE economies can be large and trade liberalization acts to discipline shirking associated with these inefficiencies. The implication we draw from our analysis is that to evaluate policy initiatives, such as trade liberalization, in developing and transition economies without explicitly recognizing the role that SOE's can play may be misleading. This is especially the case where SOEs account for a significant fraction of economic activity and shirking is involved.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aF4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
690		7	_aH1 - Structure and Scope of Government _2Journal of Economic Literature class.
700	1		_aWhalley, John. _922787
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w7696.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w7696
856			_yAcceso en línea al DOI _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7696
942			_2ddc _cW-PAPER
999			_c340542 _d299104