000			02606cam a22004097a 4500
001			w30167
003			NBER
005			20221003142424.0
006			m o d
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			221003s2022 mau fo 000 0 eng d
040			_aMaCbNBER _beng _cMaCbNBER
100	1		_aAndirin, Veli.
245	1	0	_aMeasuring the Tolerance of the State: _bTheory and Application to Protest / _cVeli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr, Jesse M. Shapiro.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. _bNational Bureau of Economic Research _c2022.
300			_a1 online resource: _billustrations (black and white);
490	1		_aNBER working paper series _vno. w30167
500			_aJune 2022.
520	3		_aWe develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the regime's tolerance as the ratio of its cost of repression to its cost of protest. Because an intolerant regime will engage in repression whenever protest is sufficiently likely, a regime's tolerance determines the maximum equilibrium probability of protest. Tolerance can therefore be identified from the distribution of protest probabilities. We construct a novel cross-national database of protest occurrence and protest predictors, and apply machine-learning methods to estimate protest probabilities. We use the estimated protest probabilities to form a measure of tolerance at the country, country-year, and country-month levels. We apply the measure to questions of interest.
530			_aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
538			_aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files.
538			_aMode of access: World Wide Web.
588	0		_aPrint version record
690		7	_aLarge Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis _2jelc
650		7	_aLarge Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis _2jelc
084			_aC55 _2jelc
690		7	_aConflict • Conflict Resolution • Alliances • Revolutions _2jelc
650		7	_aConflict • Conflict Resolution • Alliances • Revolutions _2jelc
084			_aD74 _2jelc
700	1		_aNeggers, Yusuf.
700	1		_aShadmehr, Mehdi.
700	1		_aShapiro, Jesse M. _920616
710	2		_aNational Bureau of Economic Research.
830		0	_aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research) _vno. w30167.
856	4	0	_uhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w30167
856	4	0	_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30167
999			_c389619 _d348181